n=7,n=8和n=9的二项式表
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发布时间:2020-12-02 08:01:14
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二项式随机变量提供了离散随机变量的一个重要例子。二项式分布描述了我们随机变量的每个值的概率,可以通过两个参数完全确定:n和p。这里n是独立试验的次数,p是每次试验的恒定成功概率。下表提供了n=7,8和9的二项式概率。每个概率四舍五入到小数点后三位。
应该使用二项式分布吗?。在跳入使用此表之前,我们需要检查是否满足以下条件:
- 我们有有限数量的观察或试验。
- 每个试验的结果可以分为成功或失败。
- 成功的概率保持不变。
- 观察结果彼此独立。
当满足这四个条件时,二项分布将在总共n个独立试验的实验中给出r成功的概率,每个试验的成功概率p。表中的概率通过公式C(n,r)pr(1-p)n-r其中C(n,r)是组合的公式。每个值都有单独的表格n.表中的每个条目由p和r的值组织。
其他表格
对于其他二项分布表,我们有n=2到6,n=10到11。当n p和n(1-p)的值均大于或等于10时,我们可以使用二项式分布的正态近似。这给了我们一个很好的概率近似值,不需要计算二项式系数。这提供了一个很好的结果优点,因为这些二项式计算可能非常复杂。
示例
遗传学与概率有很多联系。我们将看一个来说明二项式分布的使用。假设我们知道后代遗传两个隐性基因拷贝(因此具有我们正在研究的隐性特征)的概率是1/4。
此外,我们想计算一个八人家庭中一定数量的孩子具有这种特征的概率。设X是具有这种特征的孩子的数量。我们看一下表格中的n=8和p=0.25的列,请参阅下文:
.100
.267.311.208.087.023.004
这就意味着我们的例子
- P(X=0)=10.0%,这是没有一个孩子具有隐性特征的概率。
- P(X=1)=26.7%,这是其中一个孩子具有隐性特征的概率。
- P(X=2)=31.1%,这是两个孩子具有隐性特征的概率。
- P(X=3)=20.8%,这是三个孩子具有隐性特征的概率。
- P(X=4)=8.7%,这是四个孩子具有隐性特征的概率。
- P(X=5)=2.3%,这是五个孩子具有隐性特征的概率。
- P(X=6)=0.4%,这是其中六个孩子具有隐性特征的可能性。
n=7至n=9
的表141 n 142 7
p | .01 | .05 | .10 | .15 | .20 | .25 | .30 | .35 | .40 | .45 | .50 | .55 | .60 | .65 | .70 | .75 | .80 | .85 | .90 | .95 | |
0 | .932 | .698 | .478 | .321 | .210 | .133 | .082 | .049 | .028 | .015 | .008 | .004 | .002 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
1 | .066 | .257 | .372 | .396 | .367 | .311 | .247 | .185 | .131 | .087 | .055 | .032 | .017 | .008 | .004 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
2 | .002 | .041 | .124 | .210 | .275 | .311 | .318 | .299 | .261 | .214 | .164 | .117 | .077 | .047 | .025 | .012 | .004 | .001 | .000 | .000 | |
3 | .000 | .004 | .023 | .062 | .115 | .173 | .227 | .268 | .290 | .292 | .273 | .239 | .194 | .144 | .097 | .058 | .029 | .011 | .003 | .000 | |
4 | .000 | .000 | .003 | .011 | .029 | .058 | .097 | .144 | .194 | .239 | .273 | .292 | .290 | ;268 | .227 | .173 | .115 | .062 | .023 | .004 | |
5 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .004 | .012 | .025 | .047 | .077 | .117 | .164 | .214 | .261 | .299 | .318 | .311 | .275 | .210 | .124 | .041 | |
6 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .004 | .008 | .017 | .032 | .055 | .087 | .131 | .185 | .247 | .311 | .367 | .396 | .372 | .257 | |
7 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .002 | .004 | .008 | .015 | .028 | .049 | .082 | .133 | .210 | .321 | .478 | .698 |
675>n=8
p | .01 | .05 | .10 | .15 | .20 | .25 | .30 | .35 | .40 | .45 | .50 | .55 | .60 | .65 | .70 | .75 | .80 | .85 | .90 | .95 | |
r | 0 | .923 | .663 | .430 | .272 | .168 | .100 | .058 | .032 | .017 | .008 | .004 | .002 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 |
1 | .075 | .279 | .383 | .385 | .336 | .267 | .198 | .137 | .090 | .055 | .031 | .016 | .008 | .003 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
2 | .003 | .051 | .149 | .238 | .294 | .311 | .296 | .259 | .209 | .157 | .109 | .070 | .041 | .022 | .010 | .004 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
3 | .000 | .005 | .033 | .084 | .147 | .208 | .254 | .279 | .279 | .257 | .219 | .172 | .124 | .081 | .047 | .023 | .009 | .003 | .000 | .000 | |
4 | .000 | .000 | .005 | :018 | .046 | .087 | .136 | .188 | .232 | .263 | .273 | .263 | .232 | .188 | .136 | .087 | .046 | .018 | .005 | .000 | |
5 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .003 | .009 | .023 | .047 | .081 | .124 | .172 | .219 | .257 | .279 | .279 | .254 | .208 | .147 | .084 | .033 | .005 | |
6 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .004 | .010 | .022 | .041 | .070 | .109 | .157 | .209 | .259 | .296 | .311 | .294 | .238 | .149 | .051 | |
7 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .003 | .008 | .016 | .031 | .055 | .090 | .137 | .198 | .267 | .336 | .385 | .383 | .279 | |
8 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | 000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .002 | .004 | .008 | .017 | .032 | .058 | .100 | .168 | .272 | .430 | .663 |
1258>n=9
r | 1317>p.01 | .05 | 1329>.10.15 | .20 | .25 | .30 | .35 | .40 | .45 | .50 | .55 | .60 | .65 | .70 | .75 | .80 | .85 | .90 | .95 | 0 | .914 | .630 | .387 | .232 | .134 | .075 | .040 | .021 | .010 | .005 | .002 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 |
1453>1 | .083 | .299 | .387 | .368 | .302 | .225 | .156 | .100 | .060 | .034 | .018 | .008 | .004 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
2 | .003 | .063 | .172 | .260 | .302 | .300 | .267 | .216 | .161 | .111 | .070 | .041 | .021 | .010 | .004 | .001 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
3 | .000 | .008 | .045 | .107 | .176 | .234 | .267 | .272 | .251 | .212 | .164 | .116 | .074 | .042 | .021 | .009 | .003 | .001 | .000 | .000 | |
4 | .000 | .001 | .007 | .028 | .066 | .117 | .172 | .219 | .251 | .260 | .246 | .213 | .167 | .118 | .074 | .039 | .017 | .005 | .001 | .000 | |
5 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .005 | .017 | .039 | .074 | .118 | .167 | .213 | .246 | .260 | .251 | .219 | .172 | .117 | .066 | .028 | .007 | .001 | |
6 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .003 | .009 | .021 | .042 | .074 | .116 | .164 | .212 | .251 | .272 | .267 | .234 | .176 | .107 | .045 | .008 | |
7 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .004 | .010 | .021 | 结核病的防治健康知识.041 | .070 | .111 | .161 | .216 | .267 | .300 | .302 | .260 | .172 | .063 | 1785年|
8 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .004 | .008 | .018 | .034 | .060 | .100 | .156 | .225 | .302 | .368 | .387 | .299 | |
9 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .002 | .005 | .010 | .021 | .040 | .075 | .134 | .232 | .387 | .630 | 1881年1882年1883年 1886年